Practical discussion on contemporary life challenges from an ancient perspective.
Thursday, September 28, 2006
THE BAPTIST FAITH AND MESSAGE, Article Six
This is Part 6 of a continuing series of articles examining the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. This statement of faith was adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention, meeting on June 14, 2000 “to set forth certain teachings which we believe.”
Man
Man is the special creation of God, made in His own image. He created them male and female as the crowning work of His creation. The gift of gender is thus part of the goodness of God's creation. In the beginning man was innocent of sin and was endowed by his Creator with freedom of choice. By his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race. Through the temptation of Satan man transgressed the command of God, and fell from his original innocence whereby his posterity inherit a nature and an environment inclined toward sin. Therefore, as soon as they are capable of moral action, they become transgressors and are under condemnation. Only the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowship and enable man to fulfill the creative purpose of God. The sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image, and in that Christ died for man; therefore, every person of every race possesses full dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian love.
Genesis 1:26-30; 2:5,7,18-22; 3; 9:6; Psalms 1; 8:3-6; 32:1-5; 51:5; Isaiah 6:5; Jeremiah 17:5; Matthew 16:26; Acts 17:26-31; Romans 1:19-32; 3:10-18,23; 5:6,12,19; 6:6; 7:14-25; 8:14-18,29; 1 Corinthians 1:21-31; 15:19,21-22; Ephesians 2:1-22; Colossians 1:21-22; 3:9-11.
(Baptist Faith and Message, 2000)
It is easier for a man to make a monkey out of himself than for a monkey to make a man out of himself. Yet, the evolutionist would have us believe otherwise. “Once I was a tadpole swimming in the sea; then I was a monkey sitting in a tree; now, I’m a professor with a PHD!” Ludicrous? Of course—unreasonable and unbiblical!
We are God’s special creation—the pinnacle of all His perfect work. His handiwork is evident in all He spoke into existence, but nothing compares to the one and only creation marked indelibly with His very imprint—humankind. If we are mere products of random processes and eons of mutations, a cosmic accident, albeit a highly developed one, another species of animal, yet a beast nonetheless then where can meaning and purpose to life be found? Yet we are so much more than that.
Male and female we were fashioned—different, yet equal—both the special creation of God. As the man and woman were designed to relate to God, they were also designed to relate to one another. In these days when our politically correct culture seeks to obliterate the distinctiveness of gender, it is good to be reminded that this is a formula for disaster, antithetical to the very design of God and the deep desires of the human heart.
When Adam and Eve were placed in paradise—in a pristine environment untainted by sin—they were in a state of innocence. Being in the image of God meant that they had a will and could make moral decisions. The choice before them was to obey God or to disobey and thereby unleash sin and death on the world. Tragically, they chose sin, and the curse took root among Eden’s fair flowers. Now, the bitter fruit of that curse pervades creation and contaminates all it touches.
Because of this we are born—not in a state of innocence—but in state of sinfulness. Woven into the fabric of our being are the dark threads of iniquity manifest in a deluded mind, a defiled heart, and a defiant will. We are sinners by nature and sinful by choice. No one has to instruct us how to sin—we take to it as a fowl to the sky and a fish to the sea. This sin separates us from God. As Adam and Eve hid from Him—the One with whom they once had intimate fellowship—so we run from the Holy One, down a pathway of rebellion, farther and farther from our Creator.
We are in a hopeless state—helpless to save ourselves. All of us are under the sentence of death—sinners, condemned, unclean. That is what makes grace so amazing. It saves a wretch like me—and like you. That grace reaches into the cesspool of sin and plucks us out and cleans us up and plants our feet on the solid rock of salvation. What Adam forfeited because of sin is restored because of salvation. Jesus reconciles us to God. His cross becomes the bridge over a chasm too wide for us to traverse—the one and only means to get back to God, back to Eden, back to fellowship with our Maker.
Life is precious. Its value is best measured in the incalculable worth of Christ’s blood, shed to redeem that life for God. Male and female, young and old, rich and poor, educated and illiterate—red, and yellow, black and white—they are precious in His sight.
Even the unborn and the aged, the physically handicapped and the mentally retarded—all human beings bear the dignity of those made in the image of God and purchased by the Son of God. Ours is a disposable society—we throw away paper plates and plastic forks, foam cups and paper towels—and this carries over to disposing of the unwanted pregnancy or the unneeded elderly. This is an assault on the handiwork of heaven—those formed in the image of God. Professing ourselves to be wise we have become fools, calling a baby a fetus—an inconvenient glob of cells to be vacuumed from a mother’s womb as mere human waste. In this culture of death where human life is counted cheap we must remember what the Bible says.
How different is the reality—the superlative dignity of man! The Psalmist was in awe when he said,
3 When I look at the night sky and see the work of your fingers— the moon and the stars you have set in place— 4 what are mortals that you should think of us, mere humans that you should care for us? 5 For you made us only a little lower than God, and you crowned us with glory and honor. 6 You put us in charge of everything you made, giving us authority over all things— 7 the sheep and the cattle and all the wild animals, 8 the birds in the sky, the fish in the sea, and everything that swims the ocean currents. 9 O Lord, our Lord, the majesty of your name fills the earth!
(Psalm 8:3-9 NLT)
We are imago Dei—Latin, for made in the image of God! That image, marred by sin, is restored the moment we are born again—when we receive Christ by faith.
This is Part 6 of a continuing series of articles examining the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. This statement of faith was adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention, meeting on June 14, 2000 “to set forth certain teachings which we believe.”
Man
Man is the special creation of God, made in His own image. He created them male and female as the crowning work of His creation. The gift of gender is thus part of the goodness of God's creation. In the beginning man was innocent of sin and was endowed by his Creator with freedom of choice. By his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race. Through the temptation of Satan man transgressed the command of God, and fell from his original innocence whereby his posterity inherit a nature and an environment inclined toward sin. Therefore, as soon as they are capable of moral action, they become transgressors and are under condemnation. Only the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowship and enable man to fulfill the creative purpose of God. The sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image, and in that Christ died for man; therefore, every person of every race possesses full dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian love.
Genesis 1:26-30; 2:5,7,18-22; 3; 9:6; Psalms 1; 8:3-6; 32:1-5; 51:5; Isaiah 6:5; Jeremiah 17:5; Matthew 16:26; Acts 17:26-31; Romans 1:19-32; 3:10-18,23; 5:6,12,19; 6:6; 7:14-25; 8:14-18,29; 1 Corinthians 1:21-31; 15:19,21-22; Ephesians 2:1-22; Colossians 1:21-22; 3:9-11.
(Baptist Faith and Message, 2000)
It is easier for a man to make a monkey out of himself than for a monkey to make a man out of himself. Yet, the evolutionist would have us believe otherwise. “Once I was a tadpole swimming in the sea; then I was a monkey sitting in a tree; now, I’m a professor with a PHD!” Ludicrous? Of course—unreasonable and unbiblical!
We are God’s special creation—the pinnacle of all His perfect work. His handiwork is evident in all He spoke into existence, but nothing compares to the one and only creation marked indelibly with His very imprint—humankind. If we are mere products of random processes and eons of mutations, a cosmic accident, albeit a highly developed one, another species of animal, yet a beast nonetheless then where can meaning and purpose to life be found? Yet we are so much more than that.
Male and female we were fashioned—different, yet equal—both the special creation of God. As the man and woman were designed to relate to God, they were also designed to relate to one another. In these days when our politically correct culture seeks to obliterate the distinctiveness of gender, it is good to be reminded that this is a formula for disaster, antithetical to the very design of God and the deep desires of the human heart.
When Adam and Eve were placed in paradise—in a pristine environment untainted by sin—they were in a state of innocence. Being in the image of God meant that they had a will and could make moral decisions. The choice before them was to obey God or to disobey and thereby unleash sin and death on the world. Tragically, they chose sin, and the curse took root among Eden’s fair flowers. Now, the bitter fruit of that curse pervades creation and contaminates all it touches.
Because of this we are born—not in a state of innocence—but in state of sinfulness. Woven into the fabric of our being are the dark threads of iniquity manifest in a deluded mind, a defiled heart, and a defiant will. We are sinners by nature and sinful by choice. No one has to instruct us how to sin—we take to it as a fowl to the sky and a fish to the sea. This sin separates us from God. As Adam and Eve hid from Him—the One with whom they once had intimate fellowship—so we run from the Holy One, down a pathway of rebellion, farther and farther from our Creator.
We are in a hopeless state—helpless to save ourselves. All of us are under the sentence of death—sinners, condemned, unclean. That is what makes grace so amazing. It saves a wretch like me—and like you. That grace reaches into the cesspool of sin and plucks us out and cleans us up and plants our feet on the solid rock of salvation. What Adam forfeited because of sin is restored because of salvation. Jesus reconciles us to God. His cross becomes the bridge over a chasm too wide for us to traverse—the one and only means to get back to God, back to Eden, back to fellowship with our Maker.
Life is precious. Its value is best measured in the incalculable worth of Christ’s blood, shed to redeem that life for God. Male and female, young and old, rich and poor, educated and illiterate—red, and yellow, black and white—they are precious in His sight.
Even the unborn and the aged, the physically handicapped and the mentally retarded—all human beings bear the dignity of those made in the image of God and purchased by the Son of God. Ours is a disposable society—we throw away paper plates and plastic forks, foam cups and paper towels—and this carries over to disposing of the unwanted pregnancy or the unneeded elderly. This is an assault on the handiwork of heaven—those formed in the image of God. Professing ourselves to be wise we have become fools, calling a baby a fetus—an inconvenient glob of cells to be vacuumed from a mother’s womb as mere human waste. In this culture of death where human life is counted cheap we must remember what the Bible says.
How different is the reality—the superlative dignity of man! The Psalmist was in awe when he said,
3 When I look at the night sky and see the work of your fingers— the moon and the stars you have set in place— 4 what are mortals that you should think of us, mere humans that you should care for us? 5 For you made us only a little lower than God, and you crowned us with glory and honor. 6 You put us in charge of everything you made, giving us authority over all things— 7 the sheep and the cattle and all the wild animals, 8 the birds in the sky, the fish in the sea, and everything that swims the ocean currents. 9 O Lord, our Lord, the majesty of your name fills the earth!
(Psalm 8:3-9 NLT)
We are imago Dei—Latin, for made in the image of God! That image, marred by sin, is restored the moment we are born again—when we receive Christ by faith.
THE BAPTIST FAITH AND MESSAGE, Article Five
This is Part 5 of a continuing series of articles examining the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. This statement of faith was adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention, meeting on June 14, 2000 “to set forth certain teachings which we believe.”
God the Holy Spirit
“The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of God, fully divine. He inspired holy men of old to write the Scriptures. Through illumination He enables men to understand truth. He exalts Christ. He convicts men of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. He calls men to the Saviour, and effects regeneration. At the moment of regeneration He baptizes every believer into the Body of Christ. He cultivates Christian character, comforts believers, and bestows the spiritual gifts by which they serve God through His church. He seals the believer unto the day of final redemption. His presence in the Christian is the guarantee that God will bring the believer into the fullness of the stature of Christ. He enlightens and empowers the believer and the church in worship, evangelism, and service.”
Genesis 1:2; Judges 14:6; Job 26:13; Psalms 51:11; 139:7ff.; Isaiah 61:1-3; Joel 2:28-32; Matthew 1:18; 3:16; 4:1; 12:28-32; 28:19; Mark 1:10,12; Luke 1:35; 4:1,18-19; 11:13; 12:12; 24:49; John 4:24; 14:16-17,26; 15:26; 16:7-14; Acts 1:8; 2:1-4,38; 4:31; 5:3; 6:3; 7:55; 8:17,39; 10:44; 13:2; 15:28; 16:6; 19:1-6; Romans 8:9-11,14-16,26-27; 1 Corinthians 2:10-14; 3:16; 12:3-11,13; Galatians 4:6; Ephesians 1:13-14; 4:30; 5:18; 1 Thessalonians 5:19; 1 Timothy 3:16; 4:1; 2 Timothy 1:14; 3:16; Hebrews 9:8,14; 2 Peter 1:21; 1 John 4:13; 5:6-7; Revelation 1:10; 22:17.
(Baptist Faith and Message, 2000)
In our treasured hymn “Holy, Holy, Holy” we correctly sing “God in three Persons, blessed Trinity.” The Holy Spirit is just as much God as the Father and the Son; indeed He is the very Spirit of God and Christ. We should never refer to Him as an “it” or think of Him as the Force. He is a person with all the characteristics of personality. Scripture pictures the Holy Spirit as able to reason, feel, and act. He communicates and supports us in a personal way. The Holy Spirit is a Person! He is God!
As the Revealer of truth, He has inspired the writing of Scripture—both Old and New Testaments. He moved upon prophets and apostles to write down the Word of God and gave oversight to the process so as to produce the flawless revelation of God. Having inspired the writers, He now works to illumine the readers. Jesus promised that the Spirit would guide us into all truth.
As Christ reveals the Father and glorifies Him, so the Spirit reveals the Son and glorifies Him. It is His special ministry to bear witness to the Lord Jesus Christ. He does this primarily through the people He indwells—the church, Christ’s Body.
It is the Holy Spirit who draws us to Christ and births us into the family of God. He does so by convicting us of sin, the need for righteousness, and the inevitability of judgment. His effectual call produces faith in us to receive God’s forgiveness through Christ. We are then born again—a spiritual birth that makes us a new creation.
When we receive Christ we are baptized in the Holy Spirit—immersed into Christ—and He likewise comes to indwell us. Water baptism is a visible picture of this spiritual reality. As the believer is “buried” in water, he or she is testifying that they have been spiritually connected to the work of Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection—buried with Him in baptism and raised to walk in newness of life. That is the work of the Spirit of God.
As the life of Christ indwelling the believer, the Spirit begins to produce His fruit in us—the fruit of Christlikeness—love, joy, peace, and all the rest. Not only is the fruit of the Spirit produced in us, but also the gifts of the Spirit are bestowed on us, equipping us for spiritual service. All God’s children are gifted children, having at least one gift, and often several, given by the sovereign will and grace of the Holy Spirit.
Jesus called the Holy Spirit “the Comforter,” literally, one who stands beside us. He is always with us—will never leave, nor forsake us. In times of great stress and heartache, we find Him manifesting His presence as our peace and comfort.
From the moment we receive Christ, the Spirit comes to indwell us as our seal of a secure salvation. He is the guarantee that our redemption will be consummated in heaven—not one child of God being lost along the way.
Although we must not think of the Holy Spirit of God as being some impersonal force—some thing or it—we surely recognize that He is the source of our strength—that apart from Him we can do nothing, but with Him we can do all things. One thing God demands is worship in spirit and truth. The Spirit of Truth moving on the congregation enables us to exalt Christ in worship that is spiritual and true—the only acceptable way. His presence and power in our lives empowers us to share the Gospel and serve the Lord—the only effective way.
We dare not lean on our own ingenuity or ability. The task is too large for us—it is beyond us. It demands the power of God. We would be stupid not to call upon and rely upon the Spirit of the Living God!
Thankfully, we do not have to live in our own strength. The Holy Spirit will fill us—that is control us, energize us, and anoint us, so we may impact our world for Christ.
This is Part 5 of a continuing series of articles examining the Baptist Faith and Message 2000. This statement of faith was adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention, meeting on June 14, 2000 “to set forth certain teachings which we believe.”
God the Holy Spirit
“The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of God, fully divine. He inspired holy men of old to write the Scriptures. Through illumination He enables men to understand truth. He exalts Christ. He convicts men of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. He calls men to the Saviour, and effects regeneration. At the moment of regeneration He baptizes every believer into the Body of Christ. He cultivates Christian character, comforts believers, and bestows the spiritual gifts by which they serve God through His church. He seals the believer unto the day of final redemption. His presence in the Christian is the guarantee that God will bring the believer into the fullness of the stature of Christ. He enlightens and empowers the believer and the church in worship, evangelism, and service.”
Genesis 1:2; Judges 14:6; Job 26:13; Psalms 51:11; 139:7ff.; Isaiah 61:1-3; Joel 2:28-32; Matthew 1:18; 3:16; 4:1; 12:28-32; 28:19; Mark 1:10,12; Luke 1:35; 4:1,18-19; 11:13; 12:12; 24:49; John 4:24; 14:16-17,26; 15:26; 16:7-14; Acts 1:8; 2:1-4,38; 4:31; 5:3; 6:3; 7:55; 8:17,39; 10:44; 13:2; 15:28; 16:6; 19:1-6; Romans 8:9-11,14-16,26-27; 1 Corinthians 2:10-14; 3:16; 12:3-11,13; Galatians 4:6; Ephesians 1:13-14; 4:30; 5:18; 1 Thessalonians 5:19; 1 Timothy 3:16; 4:1; 2 Timothy 1:14; 3:16; Hebrews 9:8,14; 2 Peter 1:21; 1 John 4:13; 5:6-7; Revelation 1:10; 22:17.
(Baptist Faith and Message, 2000)
In our treasured hymn “Holy, Holy, Holy” we correctly sing “God in three Persons, blessed Trinity.” The Holy Spirit is just as much God as the Father and the Son; indeed He is the very Spirit of God and Christ. We should never refer to Him as an “it” or think of Him as the Force. He is a person with all the characteristics of personality. Scripture pictures the Holy Spirit as able to reason, feel, and act. He communicates and supports us in a personal way. The Holy Spirit is a Person! He is God!
As the Revealer of truth, He has inspired the writing of Scripture—both Old and New Testaments. He moved upon prophets and apostles to write down the Word of God and gave oversight to the process so as to produce the flawless revelation of God. Having inspired the writers, He now works to illumine the readers. Jesus promised that the Spirit would guide us into all truth.
As Christ reveals the Father and glorifies Him, so the Spirit reveals the Son and glorifies Him. It is His special ministry to bear witness to the Lord Jesus Christ. He does this primarily through the people He indwells—the church, Christ’s Body.
It is the Holy Spirit who draws us to Christ and births us into the family of God. He does so by convicting us of sin, the need for righteousness, and the inevitability of judgment. His effectual call produces faith in us to receive God’s forgiveness through Christ. We are then born again—a spiritual birth that makes us a new creation.
When we receive Christ we are baptized in the Holy Spirit—immersed into Christ—and He likewise comes to indwell us. Water baptism is a visible picture of this spiritual reality. As the believer is “buried” in water, he or she is testifying that they have been spiritually connected to the work of Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection—buried with Him in baptism and raised to walk in newness of life. That is the work of the Spirit of God.
As the life of Christ indwelling the believer, the Spirit begins to produce His fruit in us—the fruit of Christlikeness—love, joy, peace, and all the rest. Not only is the fruit of the Spirit produced in us, but also the gifts of the Spirit are bestowed on us, equipping us for spiritual service. All God’s children are gifted children, having at least one gift, and often several, given by the sovereign will and grace of the Holy Spirit.
Jesus called the Holy Spirit “the Comforter,” literally, one who stands beside us. He is always with us—will never leave, nor forsake us. In times of great stress and heartache, we find Him manifesting His presence as our peace and comfort.
From the moment we receive Christ, the Spirit comes to indwell us as our seal of a secure salvation. He is the guarantee that our redemption will be consummated in heaven—not one child of God being lost along the way.
Although we must not think of the Holy Spirit of God as being some impersonal force—some thing or it—we surely recognize that He is the source of our strength—that apart from Him we can do nothing, but with Him we can do all things. One thing God demands is worship in spirit and truth. The Spirit of Truth moving on the congregation enables us to exalt Christ in worship that is spiritual and true—the only acceptable way. His presence and power in our lives empowers us to share the Gospel and serve the Lord—the only effective way.
We dare not lean on our own ingenuity or ability. The task is too large for us—it is beyond us. It demands the power of God. We would be stupid not to call upon and rely upon the Spirit of the Living God!
Thankfully, we do not have to live in our own strength. The Holy Spirit will fill us—that is control us, energize us, and anoint us, so we may impact our world for Christ.
Thursday, August 31, 2006
LABOR DAY--SHOULD WE REALLY CELEBRATE WORK?
Here's an article from Kairos Journal--just in time for Labor Day. It is a great truth worthy of considering, yet one that is seldom pondered.
The Real Biblical Work Ethic
The New York dramatist, Elmer Rice (1892-1967), is best known for his 1923 play, The Adding Machine. Its main character, Mr. Zero, spends 25 years of his life faithfully crunching numbers for a department store until he is replaced by a machine. In a fit of rage Mr. Zero kills his boss, only to find himself adding and subtracting in hell. For Mr. Zero, life boiled down to punching a time clock and receiving a paycheck—it was a meaningless existence that led to a meaningless afterlife. In The Adding Machine, Rice satirized his perception of the Protestant work ethic. He was wrong. The Protestant or, better yet, Christian work ethic is about much more than punctuality and profit.
Rice’s dreary view of the work ethic is attributed to Max Weber, author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, first published in 1905.1 Weber linked the Reformers’ exaltation of work with the rise of capitalist greed. This thesis must not go unanswered or God’s view of work will be lost. Two careful thinkers who did much to restore a biblical view of work are theologian Carl F. H. Henry (1913 -2003) and the British businessman and politician, Sir Fred Catherwood (1925 - ). Henry cut down the Weber thesis, arguing that the Christian work ethic is only loosely connected to the modern “success” ethic. Catherwood continued the discussion with a positive explanation as to what it means to be a “working” Christian.2
Fifty years after the debut of The Adding Machine, Henry confronted a generation of youth supposedly condemning capitalism by rebelling against the Protestant work ethic. Henry wanted them to understand capitalism is not equivalent to the Christian work ethic; in fact, secular society, as Henry put it, “is almost entirely severed from Christian roots.”3 Indeed, Henry attributed the “success ethic” of modern America more to the rags to riches stories of Horatio Alger (1832 – 1899) than the theology of Luther or Calvin.4 Scripture approves a hard day’s work (the heart of Alger’s philosophy), but when reduced to merely this, the Christian work ethic becomes a secular work ethic and, thus, a “radical rejection of Christianity . . . motivated more by spiritual rebellion than by ethical earnestness.”5 Henry was clear: simply working hard for profit is not working for God—God has a greater design for our labor.
Catherwood explained that God’s design for work is about more than punching a timecard and earning a paycheck; it’s about honoring God and loving neighbor. God is honored when His creatures reflect back His creativity and efficiency in making the heavens and the earth. Therefore, the Christian worker innovates, improves, and pushes himself to the very limit. According to Catherwood, the Christian “has a duty to train himself and develop his abilities, both academically and experimentally, to the limit that his other responsibilities allow . . . He should not stop until it is quite clear that he has reached his ceiling.”6 Furthermore, Christians love their neighbors by exemplifying a quiet lifestyle of hard work to their non-Christian friends. By obeying God’s command to work, the believer, said Catherwood, “demonstrates the nature and purpose of God to those who do not believe. . .”7 Indeed, hard work can be evangelistic!
Society needs the correctives offered by Henry and Catherwood. Not only has hard work fallen on hard times, but when the modern person hears of the “Protestant work ethic,” too often they think of nothing more than the grim world of The Adding Machine (which has been revived on stages throughout the U.S. and U.K.), the quiet despair of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, and the hollow life of an insurance actuary in Alexander Payne’s 2002 movie, About Schmidt.
It remains for the Church to tell a different tale, a better tale. Yes, work is hard, and often not fun, but it is always glorious. Just as a small child giggles with glee when dad lets him wash a dish, the Christian should rejoice in his work because the homemaker, plumber, and CEO are doing more than tying shoes, fixing pipes, and netting a profit—they are fulfilling the very purposes of God.
Footnotes :
1
See Kairos Journal article, "The Atheist Sloth Ethic."
2
See Kairos Journal article, "Pious Diligence in Australia."
3
Carl F. H. Henry, “The Christian Work Ethic,” Christianity Today (January 7, 1972): 23.
4
Horatio Alger (1832 – 1899) marketed the American Dream through a series of books whose popularity was overshadowed only by the books of Mark Twain. He convinced a nation that regardless of one’s humble beginnings, through hard work and integrity anyone could obtain success.
5
Henry, 23.
6
Fred Catherwood, “The Protestant Work Ethic: Attitude and Application Give It Meaning,” Fundamentalist Journal 2 (September 1983): 23.
7
Ibid., 22.
What do you think?
Here's an article from Kairos Journal--just in time for Labor Day. It is a great truth worthy of considering, yet one that is seldom pondered.
The Real Biblical Work Ethic
The New York dramatist, Elmer Rice (1892-1967), is best known for his 1923 play, The Adding Machine. Its main character, Mr. Zero, spends 25 years of his life faithfully crunching numbers for a department store until he is replaced by a machine. In a fit of rage Mr. Zero kills his boss, only to find himself adding and subtracting in hell. For Mr. Zero, life boiled down to punching a time clock and receiving a paycheck—it was a meaningless existence that led to a meaningless afterlife. In The Adding Machine, Rice satirized his perception of the Protestant work ethic. He was wrong. The Protestant or, better yet, Christian work ethic is about much more than punctuality and profit.
Rice’s dreary view of the work ethic is attributed to Max Weber, author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, first published in 1905.1 Weber linked the Reformers’ exaltation of work with the rise of capitalist greed. This thesis must not go unanswered or God’s view of work will be lost. Two careful thinkers who did much to restore a biblical view of work are theologian Carl F. H. Henry (1913 -2003) and the British businessman and politician, Sir Fred Catherwood (1925 - ). Henry cut down the Weber thesis, arguing that the Christian work ethic is only loosely connected to the modern “success” ethic. Catherwood continued the discussion with a positive explanation as to what it means to be a “working” Christian.2
Fifty years after the debut of The Adding Machine, Henry confronted a generation of youth supposedly condemning capitalism by rebelling against the Protestant work ethic. Henry wanted them to understand capitalism is not equivalent to the Christian work ethic; in fact, secular society, as Henry put it, “is almost entirely severed from Christian roots.”3 Indeed, Henry attributed the “success ethic” of modern America more to the rags to riches stories of Horatio Alger (1832 – 1899) than the theology of Luther or Calvin.4 Scripture approves a hard day’s work (the heart of Alger’s philosophy), but when reduced to merely this, the Christian work ethic becomes a secular work ethic and, thus, a “radical rejection of Christianity . . . motivated more by spiritual rebellion than by ethical earnestness.”5 Henry was clear: simply working hard for profit is not working for God—God has a greater design for our labor.
Catherwood explained that God’s design for work is about more than punching a timecard and earning a paycheck; it’s about honoring God and loving neighbor. God is honored when His creatures reflect back His creativity and efficiency in making the heavens and the earth. Therefore, the Christian worker innovates, improves, and pushes himself to the very limit. According to Catherwood, the Christian “has a duty to train himself and develop his abilities, both academically and experimentally, to the limit that his other responsibilities allow . . . He should not stop until it is quite clear that he has reached his ceiling.”6 Furthermore, Christians love their neighbors by exemplifying a quiet lifestyle of hard work to their non-Christian friends. By obeying God’s command to work, the believer, said Catherwood, “demonstrates the nature and purpose of God to those who do not believe. . .”7 Indeed, hard work can be evangelistic!
Society needs the correctives offered by Henry and Catherwood. Not only has hard work fallen on hard times, but when the modern person hears of the “Protestant work ethic,” too often they think of nothing more than the grim world of The Adding Machine (which has been revived on stages throughout the U.S. and U.K.), the quiet despair of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, and the hollow life of an insurance actuary in Alexander Payne’s 2002 movie, About Schmidt.
It remains for the Church to tell a different tale, a better tale. Yes, work is hard, and often not fun, but it is always glorious. Just as a small child giggles with glee when dad lets him wash a dish, the Christian should rejoice in his work because the homemaker, plumber, and CEO are doing more than tying shoes, fixing pipes, and netting a profit—they are fulfilling the very purposes of God.
Footnotes :
1
See Kairos Journal article, "The Atheist Sloth Ethic."
2
See Kairos Journal article, "Pious Diligence in Australia."
3
Carl F. H. Henry, “The Christian Work Ethic,” Christianity Today (January 7, 1972): 23.
4
Horatio Alger (1832 – 1899) marketed the American Dream through a series of books whose popularity was overshadowed only by the books of Mark Twain. He convinced a nation that regardless of one’s humble beginnings, through hard work and integrity anyone could obtain success.
5
Henry, 23.
6
Fred Catherwood, “The Protestant Work Ethic: Attitude and Application Give It Meaning,” Fundamentalist Journal 2 (September 1983): 23.
7
Ibid., 22.
What do you think?
Thursday, August 24, 2006
WHAT ARE OUR CHILDREN LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY?
At the time of year when our kids are heading off to college, it is important to know what they are facing. I sure hope we have prepared them--or they are going to be chewed up and spit out. Consider the following article I read today:
ACCEPTED
August is back to school month here at tothesource. Hollywood got the memo and released Accepted this weekend—a modern “Ferris Bueller meets Animal House,” that has a disturbing amount of insight.
Stop for a minute if you are gathering school supplies or writing a tuition check. Face the grim reality that what students encounter at American colleges and universities may be more meaningless and vulgar than anything Hollywood sneaks past the MPAA.
August 22, 2006
Dear Concerned Citizen, by Julia Thompson
roving tothesource junior reporter
While re-reading Benjamin Wiker's "Faith Stealers," (tothesource 8/14) I got a call from the tts editor to review Accepted, the just-released college-lampooning teen movie. "Why me?" I asked. I was told no self-respecting adult would voluntarily sit through the movie, so the bottom of the totem pole gets the job.
Note to reader: if you do decide to see Accepted, don't go on Friday night unless you're a wiggly junior high kid who thinks it's hysterical to shine a laser pointer at the screen. The cabbage patch doll I sat next to shot me a grumpy glance as he munched Sour Patch Kids, probably thinking, "Why does the old person have to sit next to me?"
Accepted's charming Bartleby Gaines gets rejected from Harmon College, and all the real colleges he applies to. Accepted throws barbs at the stereotypical prestigious school, "Harmon," where the president schemes about how he can increase the number of students rejected each year. Those students lucky enough to be accepted at this "real college" partake in degrading traditions in order to fit into the Greek "caste system." One Harmon College legacy fraternity pledge has to dress up in a hot dog suit and shout, "Ask me about my wiener," to jeering passers-by. Other students get drunk or act like zombies who sleep through class as coke-bottle glass wearing professors drone on and on, while parents pay big tuition bills.
To save face, entrepreneurial Bartleby creates the South Harmon Institute of Technology (you can spell out the acronym for yourself) by using a website, an abandoned psychiatric hospital and "a little elbow grease."
The website attracts hundreds of other "rejectees," and overnight South Harmon combusts into impromptu courses ranging from "Skate Ramp Building" to "B.S.ing 242" to ogling busty girls in bikinis—"Anatomy."
When the scantily-clad girls frolicked across the screen my little friend stared at them with saucer eyes from under his baseball cap, squeezing the life out of his Mega Big Gulp with his tiny little hands.
Here's the bad news, parental units. Accepted is naughty, and both of the colleges in the movie are pretty unacceptable--but they only scratch the surface of what's probably going on behind the scenes at a college near you.
As the pubescent crowds burst out laughing at the naughtiness of Accepted, their clueless parents, conspicuously absent from the theater, are home dutifully stuffing coins in college piggy banks to unwittingly send their beloveds into utter depravity.
I speak from experience. The following exhibits are representational, not comprehensive.
Exhibit A: Art History Italian Renaissance final at USC. The teacher had an article on reserve for required reading on Jesus Christ's erections and their hidden and not so hidden depictions in art. Call me a goody-two-shoes, but that's exponentially more offensive than a guy in a hot dog suit spouting sexual innuendos, or adolescent boys drooling over bikini girls.
Exhibit B: Male Sexuality class at UC Berkeley. Students watched their instructor have sex on stage at a strip club, and then participated in an orgy (the orgy was extracurricular in this sex-for-credit class). When journalists exposed the "educational event," many parents snapped out of complacent comas and began to worry what their children were up to at school!
The college experience extends beyond the classroom.
Exhibit C: Co-ed showers and bathrooms. Many campuses, like Berkeley, have dorms where girls, boys, and others shower and go to the bathroom together. The latest bathroom development comes from the crowned jewel of prestige itself, Harvard, where the frontier of transsexual bathrooms is under exploration (wouldn't any bathroom do)?
In a welcome speech orienting University of Chicago freshmen, sociology professor, Andrew Abbott came clean on college administrators' rationale on debauchery: "Basically, we bring all of you here, brim full of needs and desires and hormones, let you loose on each other like so many animals in a wildlife sanctuary, and hope for the best." How inspiring! Is this what my parents took out a second mortgage for?
Abbott speaks as an authoritative representative of the school. Imagine a pastor, managing law-firm partner, or CEO kicking off a retreat by handing out copies of "Christ's Erections in Art" as required reading, and then telling everyone that they will be showering and going to the bathroom together. We all know what would happen. Heads would roll.
Clearly respect and dignity still matter to people. Yet every year parents send kids into the jaws of professors like the world renowned philosopher Richard Rorty, despite explicit warning: "Students are lucky to find themselves under the benevolent Herrschaft (rule) of people like me, and to have escaped the grip of their frightening, vicious, dangerous parents. …Parents ought to be forewarned that we are going to go right on trying to discredit you in the eyes of your children, trying to strip your fundamentalist religious community of dignity, trying to make your views seem silly rather than discussable."
I'm sure many of you are thinking that I am naïve not to realize that college has always been this way. But there was a time when misbehaving was misbehaving—it was not endorsed by schools, subsidized by parents, and celebrated throughout the subculture. Today, instead of challenging accepted mores, students find that common shared morality has been written off altogether by the very institutions that used to uphold it. This is a tragic loss for America's future, a sample of which was sitting all around me in the theater.
Bartleby's charade is exposed, and with a "Hail-Mary" tactic he lands at a State Board of Accreditation hearing and delivers a sappy, off-the-cuff speech about how education should really be about expressing personal truth, and freedom from restrictions and convention. The board agrees and authorizes the South Harmon Institute of Technology as an institution of higher learning.
Bartleby's speech is strikingly similar to another pearl from sociologist Abbott's freshman orientation speech: "Since nobody in fact agrees on what the canon is—even in the broadest terms—the system definitionally does not have a canon. In fact, there is a common culture of examples and rhetorical figures in America today. But most of it comes from sports, entertainment, and current events." Whereas Bartleby looks within himself for knowledge, Abbott digresses even further to celebrities in People Magazine. So much for higher education. Since the university seems to have given up on any idea of central truths to impart, or even aims to lend cohesion, it is really no wonder that many college curricula bear uncomfortable resemblance to the South Harmon course catalog.
The schools that I attended offered "Explorations" classes, taught by seniors, on topics of their choosing, such as Harry Potter seminars. Faculty at places like Wesleyan University make it policy "not to get in the way" of students, even when their idea of educational experience consists of chalking sexually explicit profanities all over the school sidewalks to greet prospective students and families touring the campus. In light of some of the actual "intellectual fare" out there, South Harmon's classes become less facetious and more like projections of what students may find at real universities
When universities do not regulate the excesses of self-expression, the "liberal arts" education deteriorates into license for an expensive four-year free for all. Bartleby Gaines may as well be the spokesperson and planner for the current trajectory of the modern university.
Abbott is not finished with his demoralizing pronunciations. He proclaims, "the phrase 'aims of education' is nonsensical…it has no aim other than itself…Education in an invisible creativity that radiates from within…it is something you are." I can just see the student body of South Harmon whooping with joy as Abbott trumpets the relativism they so eagerly embrace.
Whereas many colleges, in their foundational charters, held unified truth and character formation as defining objectives, university authorities are now washing their hands of such "antiquated relics" altogether. With unified truth and shared morality discarded, universities are spiraling into a full-blown crisis of meaning.
I have to say that I wonder if the average American college student is likely to get much more out of school than Bartleby at the South Harmon Institute of Technology.
In founding a fake school Bartleby's resume boasts: starting a "business," leasing and developing property, creating promotional materials, problem-solving, galvanizing a group of people and maneuvering through red tape. The average college student from (insert school name here) may wind up with the following accomplishments, for all the university seems to care: paying tuition, going to class, sleeping, drinking, paying tuition, cramming, testing, paying tuition, post-test mental purging, paying tuition.
I remember my first visit to Tufts. I was elated, with the highest of hopes. At the end of graduation day when everyone began to wander off in separate directions I felt a troubling anti-climax. Perhaps it was the realization that the end had come, and after four years of "non-aims," all of a sudden the school didn't owe me anything, while I still owed them tens of thousands of dollars. Did I get what I am paying for?
It’s time for more colleges and universities to take responsibility for how they are shaping America’s future. Until then, students and parents have a choice. Find the notable exceptions and stamp REJECTED on the rest.
---------------------------------------------------------
© Copyright 2006 - tothesource
At the time of year when our kids are heading off to college, it is important to know what they are facing. I sure hope we have prepared them--or they are going to be chewed up and spit out. Consider the following article I read today:
ACCEPTED
August is back to school month here at tothesource. Hollywood got the memo and released Accepted this weekend—a modern “Ferris Bueller meets Animal House,” that has a disturbing amount of insight.
Stop for a minute if you are gathering school supplies or writing a tuition check. Face the grim reality that what students encounter at American colleges and universities may be more meaningless and vulgar than anything Hollywood sneaks past the MPAA.
August 22, 2006
Dear Concerned Citizen, by Julia Thompson
roving tothesource junior reporter
While re-reading Benjamin Wiker's "Faith Stealers," (tothesource 8/14) I got a call from the tts editor to review Accepted, the just-released college-lampooning teen movie. "Why me?" I asked. I was told no self-respecting adult would voluntarily sit through the movie, so the bottom of the totem pole gets the job.
Note to reader: if you do decide to see Accepted, don't go on Friday night unless you're a wiggly junior high kid who thinks it's hysterical to shine a laser pointer at the screen. The cabbage patch doll I sat next to shot me a grumpy glance as he munched Sour Patch Kids, probably thinking, "Why does the old person have to sit next to me?"
Accepted's charming Bartleby Gaines gets rejected from Harmon College, and all the real colleges he applies to. Accepted throws barbs at the stereotypical prestigious school, "Harmon," where the president schemes about how he can increase the number of students rejected each year. Those students lucky enough to be accepted at this "real college" partake in degrading traditions in order to fit into the Greek "caste system." One Harmon College legacy fraternity pledge has to dress up in a hot dog suit and shout, "Ask me about my wiener," to jeering passers-by. Other students get drunk or act like zombies who sleep through class as coke-bottle glass wearing professors drone on and on, while parents pay big tuition bills.
To save face, entrepreneurial Bartleby creates the South Harmon Institute of Technology (you can spell out the acronym for yourself) by using a website, an abandoned psychiatric hospital and "a little elbow grease."
The website attracts hundreds of other "rejectees," and overnight South Harmon combusts into impromptu courses ranging from "Skate Ramp Building" to "B.S.ing 242" to ogling busty girls in bikinis—"Anatomy."
When the scantily-clad girls frolicked across the screen my little friend stared at them with saucer eyes from under his baseball cap, squeezing the life out of his Mega Big Gulp with his tiny little hands.
Here's the bad news, parental units. Accepted is naughty, and both of the colleges in the movie are pretty unacceptable--but they only scratch the surface of what's probably going on behind the scenes at a college near you.
As the pubescent crowds burst out laughing at the naughtiness of Accepted, their clueless parents, conspicuously absent from the theater, are home dutifully stuffing coins in college piggy banks to unwittingly send their beloveds into utter depravity.
I speak from experience. The following exhibits are representational, not comprehensive.
Exhibit A: Art History Italian Renaissance final at USC. The teacher had an article on reserve for required reading on Jesus Christ's erections and their hidden and not so hidden depictions in art. Call me a goody-two-shoes, but that's exponentially more offensive than a guy in a hot dog suit spouting sexual innuendos, or adolescent boys drooling over bikini girls.
Exhibit B: Male Sexuality class at UC Berkeley. Students watched their instructor have sex on stage at a strip club, and then participated in an orgy (the orgy was extracurricular in this sex-for-credit class). When journalists exposed the "educational event," many parents snapped out of complacent comas and began to worry what their children were up to at school!
The college experience extends beyond the classroom.
Exhibit C: Co-ed showers and bathrooms. Many campuses, like Berkeley, have dorms where girls, boys, and others shower and go to the bathroom together. The latest bathroom development comes from the crowned jewel of prestige itself, Harvard, where the frontier of transsexual bathrooms is under exploration (wouldn't any bathroom do)?
In a welcome speech orienting University of Chicago freshmen, sociology professor, Andrew Abbott came clean on college administrators' rationale on debauchery: "Basically, we bring all of you here, brim full of needs and desires and hormones, let you loose on each other like so many animals in a wildlife sanctuary, and hope for the best." How inspiring! Is this what my parents took out a second mortgage for?
Abbott speaks as an authoritative representative of the school. Imagine a pastor, managing law-firm partner, or CEO kicking off a retreat by handing out copies of "Christ's Erections in Art" as required reading, and then telling everyone that they will be showering and going to the bathroom together. We all know what would happen. Heads would roll.
Clearly respect and dignity still matter to people. Yet every year parents send kids into the jaws of professors like the world renowned philosopher Richard Rorty, despite explicit warning: "Students are lucky to find themselves under the benevolent Herrschaft (rule) of people like me, and to have escaped the grip of their frightening, vicious, dangerous parents. …Parents ought to be forewarned that we are going to go right on trying to discredit you in the eyes of your children, trying to strip your fundamentalist religious community of dignity, trying to make your views seem silly rather than discussable."
I'm sure many of you are thinking that I am naïve not to realize that college has always been this way. But there was a time when misbehaving was misbehaving—it was not endorsed by schools, subsidized by parents, and celebrated throughout the subculture. Today, instead of challenging accepted mores, students find that common shared morality has been written off altogether by the very institutions that used to uphold it. This is a tragic loss for America's future, a sample of which was sitting all around me in the theater.
Bartleby's charade is exposed, and with a "Hail-Mary" tactic he lands at a State Board of Accreditation hearing and delivers a sappy, off-the-cuff speech about how education should really be about expressing personal truth, and freedom from restrictions and convention. The board agrees and authorizes the South Harmon Institute of Technology as an institution of higher learning.
Bartleby's speech is strikingly similar to another pearl from sociologist Abbott's freshman orientation speech: "Since nobody in fact agrees on what the canon is—even in the broadest terms—the system definitionally does not have a canon. In fact, there is a common culture of examples and rhetorical figures in America today. But most of it comes from sports, entertainment, and current events." Whereas Bartleby looks within himself for knowledge, Abbott digresses even further to celebrities in People Magazine. So much for higher education. Since the university seems to have given up on any idea of central truths to impart, or even aims to lend cohesion, it is really no wonder that many college curricula bear uncomfortable resemblance to the South Harmon course catalog.
The schools that I attended offered "Explorations" classes, taught by seniors, on topics of their choosing, such as Harry Potter seminars. Faculty at places like Wesleyan University make it policy "not to get in the way" of students, even when their idea of educational experience consists of chalking sexually explicit profanities all over the school sidewalks to greet prospective students and families touring the campus. In light of some of the actual "intellectual fare" out there, South Harmon's classes become less facetious and more like projections of what students may find at real universities
When universities do not regulate the excesses of self-expression, the "liberal arts" education deteriorates into license for an expensive four-year free for all. Bartleby Gaines may as well be the spokesperson and planner for the current trajectory of the modern university.
Abbott is not finished with his demoralizing pronunciations. He proclaims, "the phrase 'aims of education' is nonsensical…it has no aim other than itself…Education in an invisible creativity that radiates from within…it is something you are." I can just see the student body of South Harmon whooping with joy as Abbott trumpets the relativism they so eagerly embrace.
Whereas many colleges, in their foundational charters, held unified truth and character formation as defining objectives, university authorities are now washing their hands of such "antiquated relics" altogether. With unified truth and shared morality discarded, universities are spiraling into a full-blown crisis of meaning.
I have to say that I wonder if the average American college student is likely to get much more out of school than Bartleby at the South Harmon Institute of Technology.
In founding a fake school Bartleby's resume boasts: starting a "business," leasing and developing property, creating promotional materials, problem-solving, galvanizing a group of people and maneuvering through red tape. The average college student from (insert school name here) may wind up with the following accomplishments, for all the university seems to care: paying tuition, going to class, sleeping, drinking, paying tuition, cramming, testing, paying tuition, post-test mental purging, paying tuition.
I remember my first visit to Tufts. I was elated, with the highest of hopes. At the end of graduation day when everyone began to wander off in separate directions I felt a troubling anti-climax. Perhaps it was the realization that the end had come, and after four years of "non-aims," all of a sudden the school didn't owe me anything, while I still owed them tens of thousands of dollars. Did I get what I am paying for?
It’s time for more colleges and universities to take responsibility for how they are shaping America’s future. Until then, students and parents have a choice. Find the notable exceptions and stamp REJECTED on the rest.
---------------------------------------------------------
© Copyright 2006 - tothesource